Understanding RSV Vaccine Side Effects in Adults: A Comprehensive Guide
Estimated reading time: 8 minutes
- Most RSV vaccine side effects are mild and temporary.
- Serious side effects are rare but include Guillain-Barré syndrome and anaphylaxis.
- Consult your doctor before vaccination to discuss risks and benefits.
- Report any adverse events to VAERS.
- Stay hydrated and rest to manage common side effects.
What are the Common Side Effects of RSV Vaccines in Adults?
The majority of side effects associated with RSV vaccines in adults are mild and temporary, typically resolving within a few days. These are generally similar to those experienced with other commonly administered vaccines, such as the flu or COVID-19 vaccines. The most frequently reported side effects include:
- Injection Site Reactions: Pain, redness, swelling, soreness, tenderness, itching, lumps, or warmth at the injection site are extremely common. These reactions usually subside within a day or two. Applying a cool compress and over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage discomfort.
- Fatigue (Tiredness): Feeling tired or fatigued is another common systemic reaction. This usually isn’t severe and will pass within a short period. Rest and adequate hydration are recommended.
- Headache: Headaches are frequently reported following RSV vaccination. Over-the-counter pain relievers can provide relief.
- Muscle Pain (Myalgia): Muscle aches are common among various adult age groups after receiving the RSV vaccine. Rest and pain relievers can help alleviate symptoms.
- Joint Pain (Arthralgia): Similar to muscle pain, joint pain is a common systemic reaction and usually resolves without intervention. Rest and over-the-counter pain relievers can offer relief.
- Fever: A low-grade fever can occur after vaccination. This typically subsides within a day or two. Plenty of fluids and rest are crucial.
- Nausea: Nausea has been reported, particularly with Abrysvo in pregnant individuals and adults aged 18-59 at high risk for severe RSV. This side effect is usually mild and short-lived.
- Diarrhea: While less common, diarrhea can occasionally occur following RSV vaccination. Ensure adequate hydration.
- Underarm Swelling or Tenderness: Some individuals may experience swelling or tenderness in the underarm area near the injection site. This usually resolves within a few days.
Less Common and Serious Side Effects of RSV Vaccines in Adults
While rare, some serious side effects have been reported. It’s important to understand that the benefits of receiving the RSV vaccine generally outweigh the risks, especially for high-risk individuals. However, awareness of these potential side effects is crucial.
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): An increased risk of GBS, a rare neurological disorder, has been observed following vaccination with both GSK’s Arexvy and Pfizer’s Abrysvo, particularly in adults aged 60 and older. GBS causes the immune system to attack nerves, leading to weakness, tingling, and potentially paralysis. Symptoms usually begin within several weeks of vaccination. While rare, this risk is being closely monitored by the CDC and FDA.
- Anaphylaxis (Severe Allergic Reaction): As with any vaccine, anaphylaxis is a possibility, though extremely rare. This requires immediate medical attention. Individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions to any vaccine component should consult their physician before receiving the RSV vaccine.
- Fainting (Syncope): Fainting can occur after any injectable vaccine. Remain seated or lying down for 15 minutes after the injection to minimize the risk of falls and injuries.
- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): This rare inflammatory condition affecting the brain and spinal cord was reported in a small number of individuals in clinical trials.
- Atrial Fibrillation (Irregular Heartbeat): A small number of cases of atrial fibrillation were reported in clinical trials for Arexvy.
- Facial Paralysis: Reports of facial paralysis have been associated with mResvia, although a direct causal link isn’t definitively established.
Specific Considerations for Different Adult Populations
The side effects and approval status of RSV vaccines vary slightly depending on the age and health status of the individual:
- Adults 50-59 at Increased Risk: Arexvy is approved for this age group, with side effects similar to those seen in older adults. Abrysvo is also approved for adults aged 18-59 at high risk for LRTD, and common side effects include injection site pain, muscle pain, joint pain, and nausea.
- Pregnant Individuals: Abrysvo is approved for pregnant women (32-36 weeks gestation). Common side effects are similar to those in other adult populations, but nausea is more frequently reported. Vaccination before 32 weeks is not recommended due to a potential increased risk of preterm birth.
- Immunocompromised Individuals: Individuals with weakened immune systems may have a reduced immune response to the RSV vaccine. Consult with your physician regarding vaccination.
- Coadministration with Other Vaccines: Receiving an RSV vaccine concurrently with other vaccines may increase the likelihood and severity of common side effects.
Reporting Adverse Events
If you experience any side effects after receiving an RSV vaccine, it is essential to report them. You can report adverse events to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) through your healthcare provider or directly via the VAERS website or phone. The CDC also provides V-Safe, a smartphone-based tool for vaccine safety monitoring.
Practical Takeaways and Actionable Advice
- Discuss with Your Doctor: Before receiving any vaccine, including the RSV vaccine, consult your healthcare provider to discuss your individual health status, risk factors, and potential side effects. They can help determine if vaccination is right for you and address any specific concerns.
- Prepare for Common Side Effects: Be aware that mild side effects, such as injection site pain, fatigue, and headache, are common and usually temporary. Have over-the-counter pain relievers and rest readily available.
- Report Any Concerns: Don’t hesitate to report any unusual or concerning side effects to your physician or via VAERS. Early reporting is crucial for monitoring vaccine safety.
- Stay Hydrated and Rest: Adequate hydration and rest can help manage common side effects and promote recovery.
- Follow Post-Vaccination Instructions: Follow all instructions provided by your healthcare provider or vaccination site regarding post-vaccination care.
Conclusion
While the RSV vaccines offer significant protection against severe LRTD, it’s crucial to understand the potential side effects. Most are mild and transient, but awareness of the rarer, more serious possibilities is essential for informed decision-making. By discussing your individual circumstances with your doctor and reporting any adverse events, you can contribute to vaccine safety monitoring while making an informed choice about protecting your health.
Call to Action
To learn more about RSV vaccination and how to minimize your risk of severe RSV illness, contact us today for a consultation with one of our expert healthcare professionals. We’re here to help you navigate the complexities of vaccine choices and make the best decisions for your health.