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Mayo Clinic Q&A: Tips for summer water safety

DEAR MAYO CLINIC: We just moved to an area with a lot of opportunities for water recreation and are so excited about our first summer on the water. But we want to make sure everyone stays safe. Can you give us some pointers for water safety?

ANSWER: Nothing beats a day at the lake, river, beach or pool for fun, fitness, fishing and relaxation. While spending time on and around the water this summer, these tips can ensure that everyone is safe, has fun and enjoys the time together.

Learn to swim

Every year in the U.S., about 4,000 people die by drowning. Children, men and nonwhite people are at the highest risk.

Learning to swim is one of the most important ways to stay safe on the water. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports swimming lessons for most children ages 4 and older. Lessons for children ages 1 to 4 could be appropriate, depending on how often they’re exposed to water. Even infants can be introduced to the water. Check to see what classes are available in your area.

Swimmers of all ages may be more familiar with pools than rivers and may not know what to do if caught in a current. Stay calm, float on your back, and when you come to a calmer area, flip over and swim diagonally toward shore with the flow of the current.

Keep these safety tips in mind too:

  • Don’t swim alone.
  • Supervise children when they’re swimming, and stay close enough to reach out to a child at any time.
  • Before diving into a body of water, know the water depth and if there are any underwater obstacles.
  • Keep pool gates closed at all times, and consider an alarm to alert you if the gate is opened.

Wear a personal floatation device

Even expert swimmers can get into trouble during an emergency. It’s important to be sure everyone in a watercraft wears a U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal flotation device. While boating or swimming, remember that arm floaties and inflatable toys aren’t a substitute and tend to give kids and families a false sense of security.

Excellent, comfortable, easy-to-put-on models of personal flotation devices are available, so there’s really no excuse not to wear one.

Stay safe while boating, no matter your craft

One of the most popular and fun activities of summer is spending time on the water. Boating creates lifelong memories and gives us the opportunity to unplug, spend time together, learn new skills and explore new areas.

Whether your craft is a power boat, fishing boat, pontoon, personal watercraft, canoe or kayak, you should remember these basic safety rules as you head out for a day on the water:

  • Be a weather watcher. Summer weather can change quickly. Check the forecast before heading out and check again frequently while on the water. If you do get caught in a storm, navigate to the shore as quickly as possible.
  • Tell someone the details of your trip. Tell your trip plan to a friend who’s staying ashore. Share details about who’s on the boat, where you’ll be and how long you’ll be gone.
  • Always operate your boat at a safe speed. Waterways can become crowded during the summer. Slow down, stay alert and steer clear of larger vessels. Be sure to follow speed limits in “no wake” areas.
  • Respect buoys and other navigational aids. They’ve been put in place to ensure your safety and the safety of other boaters and swimmers. If you’re not familiar with them, the U.S. Coast Guard has a handy water navigation system guide.
  • Leave alcohol on shore. The risk of drowning or injury significantly increases when alcohol or drugs are involved. More than 70% of water recreation deaths are related to alcohol use.

Be sun savvy

The sun’s rays can be intense on the open water. Protect everyone with hats, sunglasses and sunscreen. Look for water-resistant, broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Apply sunscreen generously and reapply every two hours, or more often if you’re swimming or sweating.

Drink plenty of water

Even when surrounded by water, it’s possible to become dehydrated. Sitting in the sun can increase your body’s temperature. Pack plenty of water for each person, and drink some water every 15 to 20 minutes to remain properly hydrated.

Jason Wray-Raabolle, M.D., Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Owatonna, Minnesota

The post Mayo Clinic Q&A: Tips for summer water safety appeared first on Mayo Clinic News Network.

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(VIDEO) Eliminating the need for lifelong immunosuppressive medications for transplant patients

Mark Welter, sister Cindy Kendall - Mark volunteered to be a part of the clinical trial in hopes of not having to worry about immunosuppression medication the rest of his life
Cindy Kendall donated a kidney and stems cells to her brother, Mark Welter

ROCHESTER, Minn. — While immunosuppressive medications are critical to prevent rejection of transplant organs, they also come with plenty of downsides. They can cause harsh side effects, like headaches and tremors, and increase the risk for infection and cancer. But what if there was a way to prevent organ rejection without using these medications?

That goal fuels the work of Mark Stegall, M.D., a longtime Mayo Clinic transplant researcher. He leads a team of researchers developing pioneering therapies to prevent organ rejection without the need for immunosuppression. A recently published study in the American Journal of Transplantation is offering hope for patients.

Using stem cells to prevent organ rejection

Mayo Clinic participated in the multisite phase 3 clinical trial detailed in the study. The goal was to see whether people who simultaneously received both a kidney and stem cell transplant from a closely matched sibling could discontinue all immunosuppressive medications after a year. The results were promising. The study found that 75% of participants were able to stop taking the medication for more than two years. At Mayo Clinic, three patients participated, with two off immunosuppression medications for over three years and one on a low dose.

“I’ve been involved in transplant research for more than 30 years, and we’ve done quite a few amazing things. But in the scheme of things, this research is right at the very top. It’s been a goal — to be able to safely get transplant recipients off immunosuppression — for longer than I’ve been doing this. We’re very excited about it,” says Dr. Stegall, a co-author of the study.

The research being done across Mayo Clinic is part of a growing trend in transplant to explore ways to use cellular therapies to prevent organ rejection. It is also a cornerstone of Mayo Clinic’s Transforming Transplant Initiative, which has the bold goal of ensuring everyone who wants a transplant can get one and to make transplants more successful.

To qualify for the clinical trial, the transplant recipients and donors needed to be siblings whose tissue types closely matched. The donor agreed to donate their stem cells in addition to their kidney to their sibling. The recipient receives the transplant, undergoes radiation and then receives the stem cell transplant. The goal was to wean recipients off immunosuppression medication after a year.

‘Almost like the transplant didn’t happen’

For Minnesota native Mark Welter, the results have been better than he imagined. Four years ago, he needed a kidney transplant due to polycystic kidney disease, an inherited condition that causes cysts to grow on the kidneys. The Mayo Clinic patient volunteered to be a part of the clinical trial in hopes of not having to worry about immunosuppression medication the rest of his life. His younger sister Cindy Kendall immediately stepped forward to donate a kidney and her stem cells to help her brother.

“Being able to see him get off those medications has been amazing,” Cindy says. “He just gets to live his life to the fullest. He has been able to see both of his daughters get married and meet his grandchildren.”

Watch: Inteview with Mark Welter, Cindy Kendall and Dr. Mark Stegall

Mark has not taken immunosuppression medication for more than three years.

“I feel fantastic. I actually feel like I did before the transplant, which has been the greatest thing,” Mark says. “It’s almost like the transplant didn’t happen.”

There is still plenty of work to be done to advance this research. This clinical trial only involved siblings with closely matching tissue types. Researchers want to know if stem cell transplants can prevent rejection in recipients paired with a less closely matched donor.

“Even in closely matched siblings, immunosuppression is needed lifelong. We have seen stopping medications even at eight to 10 years post-transplant leads to rejection. Our goal is to find ways to reduce or stop immunosuppressive medications after transplant so patients can have longer lasting kidneys with fewer side effects,” says Andrew Bentall, M.B., Ch.B., M.D., a Mayo Clinic transplant nephrologist.

Journalists: Press kit, including b-roll, photos and interviews are available here. Clinical trial participants and Mayo researchers are available for interviews. Please contact [email protected] to schedule.

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About Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit organization committed to innovation in clinical practice, education and research, and providing compassion, expertise and answers to everyone who needs healing. Visit the Mayo Clinic News Network for additional Mayo Clinic news.

Media contact:

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Mayo Clinic Q and A: Signs of overtraining

Older man outside running, jogging, exercise

DEAR MAYO CLINIC: I’ve taken up running again and decided to enter a half-marathon. I know I have to push myself to get ready for the race, but I don’t want to overdo it. What should I watch out for as I train?

ANSWER: We’re surrounded by warning signs — on the roads, at work, and on packaging and equipment. Your body sends warning signs, too. As your race date nears, it’s tempting to pull out all the stops. But that makes this a prime time to watch for warning signs of overtraining.

Overtraining or overuse injuries are any muscle, joint or bony injuries, such as tendinitis or a stress fracture, that result from repetitive trauma. Overuse injuries typically occur because of training or technique errors.

Runners are tenacious athletes. Pulling back and slowing down may be tough, but while some overtraining issues can be resolved with simple rest, others may evolve into more significant problems.

How overtraining and overuse injuries occur

Going too fast, exercising for too long or simply doing too much of one type of activity can strain your muscles and lead to an overuse injury. Improper technique also takes a toll on your body. For example, if you use poor form while running or doing strength-training exercises, you may overload certain areas of the body, which can cause an overuse injury.

Thankfully, most overuse injuries are avoidable. Try these suggestions to prevent them:

  • Use proper form and gear.
    Whether you’re starting a new activity or have been playing a sport for a long time, taking lessons can help ensure you’re using the correct technique. Talk with an expert about proper form, equipment and gear fit to help ensure success.
  • Pace yourself.
    Rely on your training program, which should spread your aerobic activity throughout the week. Take time to warm up before physical activity and cool down afterward.
  • Gradually increase your activity level.
    When changing the intensity or duration of physical activity, do so gradually. Try not to increase anything by more than about 10% per week. Your body needs time to adapt to the new stress.
  • Mix up your routine.
    Instead of focusing on one type of exercise, build variety into your training program. Doing a variety of low-impact activities prevents overuse injuries and allows your body to use different muscle groups.

Overtraining signs and what to do 

It can be hard to know when you’re pushing through your training for continuous improvement and when you’re moving into overtraining. Your feet and legs take a pounding as you run mile after mile, so watch for these issues: 

  • Callous blistering and broken toenails are common overtraining problems. 
  • Early morning pain on the sole of your foot can be a sign of plantar fasciitis. 
  • Tendinitis can leave you with pain in the back of your ankle or in the front of your shins, also called shin splints.

Typically, these can be treated with rest and medication to relieve pain and inflammation. Slow down your training. Return to the level you were at before the problem or consider cross-training with low- or no-impact exercise, such as a stationary bike, elliptical or swimming. Take an extra day off. These symptoms can be short-term if you treat them early and appropriately.

If pain continues despite rest or gets worse, it could indicate a bone issue, which is potentially serious. Stress reactions or stress fractures are common in the mid-foot, mid-shin or, most concerning, high up in your leg by your hip. Pain that doesn’t go away is a symptom, so consult your healthcare team.

What to do if you suspect an overuse injury

Tell your healthcare practitioner if you’ve recently changed your workout technique, intensity, duration, frequency or types of exercises. Identifying the cause of your overuse injury will help you correct the problem and avoid repeating it. You can seek further guidance by talking with specialists such as sports medicine physicians, athletic trainers and physical therapists.

Once your injury has healed, ask a specialist to check that you’ve completely regained strength, motion, flexibility and balance before beginning the activity again. Pay special attention to proper technique to avoid future injuries.

Staying strong

Don’t allow an overuse injury to prevent you from being physically active. By working with a specialist, listening to your body and pacing yourself, you can avoid this common setback and safely increase your activity level.

Knowing you worked hard to prepare will add to your feeling of accomplishment on race day, but don’t overdo it. You’re almost there. Take care of yourself so you can keep going strong all the way to the finish line.

Corey Wencl, Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin

The post Mayo Clinic Q and A: Signs of overtraining appeared first on Mayo Clinic News Network.

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(VIDEO) A rare cancer. A rare weapon. Curtis Jackson’s inspiring story of survival

The Jackson family at home one month after Curtis’ successful liver transplant

Curtis Jackson was living his dream life — a loving and supportive wife, three wonderful kids, and a future that looked as bright as could be.

Then, one day, without warning, the dream was shattered.

At only 46, Curtis was diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma, one of the deadliest and most aggressive forms of cancer. It’s a silent killer that strikes the liver. It is often diagnosed in later stages, leaving patients with few treatment options and little time to live.

The Jackson family turned to Mayo Clinic, where a team of experts fought the cancer with a weapon rarely used in the battle against this aggressive form of cancer.

Watch: A rare cancer. A rare weapon. Curtis Jackson’s inspiring story of survival.

Journalists: Broadcast-quality video (2:17) is in the downloads at the end of this post. Please courtesy: “Mayo Clinic News Network.” Read the script.

The rare cancer

Years before his cancer diagnosis, Curtis was diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). PSC is a chronic liver disease that causes inflammation and scarring to the bile ducts, which work with the liver to help with digestion.

PSC put the Arizona man at higher risk for liver cancer, requiring him to get regular diagnostic screenings. As with most forms of cancer, but particularly cholangiocarcinoma, doctors say early detection is key to improving patient outcomes.

However, with cholangiocarcinoma, there are often no warning signs or symptoms alerting patients of the need to consult with their doctor about getting screened, until it’s too late. In Curtis’ case, the cholangiocarcinoma was detected in one of his routine screenings at Mayo Clinic, which doctors say likely helped save his life.

Curtis and Kim Jackson consulting with Dr. Aqel Bashar;cholangiocarcinoma, a rare cancer led to a treatment at Mayo Clinic.
Curtis and Kim consulting with Dr. Aqel Bashar, director, Mayo Clinic Transplant Center in Arizona

“It’s a very rare cancer that tends to grow unnoticed,” says Dr. Tanios Bekaii-Saab, an oncologist with the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center in Arizona. “If the cancer gets to the point where it’s too advanced for surgery or transplantation, universally this is a noncurative or noncurable cancer.”

The rare weapon

Doctors say a liver transplant can sometimes be an option for some patients. However, not many transplant centers perform liver transplants on patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma. Mayo Clinic is one of the few centers that do offer liver transplantation for some patients who meet certain criteria.

In Curtis’ case, doctors at Mayo Clinic determined a liver transplant was his best chance for survival.

“We’re not just here treating the cancer. We’re also treating the disease that led to the cancer.”

Dr. Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center in Arizona

“It is a unique form of therapy that is based on research that started at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota,” says Dr. Aqel Bashar, director of the Mayo Clinic Transplant Center in Arizona.

“We developed some protocols that helped us improve the outcome of transplant in these patients, and without these protocols, a lot of patients with this type of cancer would not make it to transplant,” says Dr. Aqel.

“Mayo Clinic’s ability to offer this curative option for rare cancers like this has differentiated us from many other transplant centers.”

Dr. Bashar Aqel, Director, Mayo Clinic Transplant Center in Arizona

The treatment

Curtis first underwent chemotherapy and radiation at Mayo Clinic. He was then placed on the liver transplant waiting list for a donor organ. While waiting, Curtis says he kept his focus on his family.

“I spent all the time I could with my wife and kids, like basketball practices, homework, anything we could do to help our kids,” says Curtis.

When Curtis got the call a donor organ was found, he immediately reported to Mayo Clinic to undergo his lifesaving liver transplant. The surgery was a success. Four weeks later, Curtis was back at home with family recovering well and feeling a deep sense of gratitude for his organ donor and his team at Mayo Clinic.

Curtis with his children following his successful liver transplant, due to his rare cancer.
Curtis with his children following his successful liver transplant Photo courtesy: Jackson family

“Thank you because now I get to see my daughters get married, go to college, I get to see my son live his dreams and go to college and get married,” says Curtis. “I get to live and grow old with my wife. I can’t say this enough to everyone, ‘thank you.'”

“What Mayo has done to make these transplants happen is a miracle.”

Curtis Jackson, liver transplant recipient and cancer survivor

Curtis and Kim following his liver transplant Photo courtesy: Jackson family

“We are already seeing signs that his new liver is functioning extremely well, and most of his liver tests have come back normal,” says Dr. Aqel. “It is an impressive recovery in a short amount of time.”

“A lot of love goes out to the people in that family,” says Gwyn, Curtis’ oldest daughter in reference to the organ donor’s family. “They allowed us to have our dad back and we’re so grateful because we love him so much.”

Doctors at Mayo Clinic are monitoring Curtis’ progress closely. Meanwhile, Curtis’ future is back to looking bright, only now with even deeper gratitude in his heart.

“This truly is the gift of life,” says Curtis.

Related stories:

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How Long Do Norovirus Symptoms Last?

How Long Do Norovirus Symptoms Last? A Comprehensive Guide

Estimated reading time: 8 minutes

  • Norovirus symptoms typically last 1-3 days.
  • Age, underlying health conditions, and hydration affect symptom duration.
  • Seek medical attention for severe dehydration, high fever, or symptoms lasting longer than 3 days.
  • Contagiousness lasts at least 3 days after symptoms resolve, potentially longer.
  • Practice good hygiene to prevent spread.

Table of Contents

What is Norovirus?

Norovirus, often incorrectly referred to as the “stomach flu,” is a highly contagious virus causing gastroenteritis – inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Understanding the duration of norovirus symptoms is crucial for effective management and prevention. This comprehensive guide will explore the typical timeline of symptoms, factors influencing their duration, and what to do if your symptoms persist. We’ll address the question, “How long do norovirus symptoms last?” in detail, helping you navigate this unpleasant illness.

The Typical Timeline: How Long Do Norovirus Symptoms Last?

The incubation period – the time between exposure to the norovirus and the onset of symptoms – is usually between 12 and 48 hours, although symptoms can sometimes appear as early as 10 hours after exposure. This means you could be contagious before even realizing you’re ill. Once symptoms appear, they typically last for one to three days. This timeframe represents the average experience for most healthy adults. You’ll likely experience the most intense symptoms during this period. However, it’s essential to remember that this is an average. The actual duration can vary considerably depending on several factors, which we’ll explore below.

Common Symptoms of Norovirus:

  • Nausea: A feeling of sickness or discomfort in the stomach.
  • Vomiting: Often frequent and forceful. This is a significant symptom and can lead to dehydration.
  • Watery or loose diarrhea: This is another key indicator, and like vomiting, it can contribute to dehydration.
  • Stomach pain or cramping: Abdominal discomfort is common.
  • Low-grade fever: A slightly elevated temperature.
  • Headache: Pain in the head.
  • Muscle aches or body aches: General body soreness.
  • General sense of tiredness or feeling ill: Fatigue is a frequent companion to the other symptoms.

Factors Influencing Norovirus Symptom Duration:

  • Age: Young children and older adults tend to experience more prolonged and severe symptoms.
  • Underlying health conditions: Individuals with weakened immune systems or pre-existing gastrointestinal issues are at higher risk.
  • Overall health: Individuals in good general health typically recover faster.
  • Severity of infection: The initial viral load can influence symptom severity and duration.
  • Hydration: Maintaining adequate hydration is critical.
  • Treatment: Prompt treatment of dehydration is vital.

When to Seek Medical Attention:

  • Severe dehydration: Signs include excessive thirst, dry mouth, decreased urination, dizziness, and lightheadedness.
  • High fever: A temperature above 102°F (39°C).
  • Bloody diarrhea: This could indicate a more serious condition.
  • Prolonged vomiting: Inability to keep down fluids for an extended period.
  • Symptoms lasting longer than three days: While typical duration is 1-3 days, symptoms persisting beyond this warrant medical evaluation.

How Long Are You Contagious?

You are most contagious from the moment your symptoms begin and for at least three days after they have resolved. However, some individuals may remain contagious for as long as two weeks after symptom resolution. The virus can also be shed in stool for several weeks after recovery, and in immunocompromised patients, this shedding can last for months or even years. Careful hand hygiene and sanitation are paramount during this period to prevent further spread.

Practical Takeaways and Advice:

  • Hydration is key: Drink plenty of clear fluids.
  • Rest is essential: Allow your body to rest and recover.
  • Hygiene is paramount: Wash your hands frequently.
  • Isolate yourself: Avoid contact with others.
  • Monitor symptoms: Pay close attention to your symptoms.

Conclusion: Understanding Norovirus Symptom Duration for Effective Management

Understanding the typical duration of norovirus symptoms, along with the factors that influence it, is vital for effective management and prevention. While most cases resolve within a few days, awareness of potential complications and the importance of seeking medical attention when necessary is crucial. Remember, prompt hydration and diligent hygiene practices are key to minimizing the impact of this highly contagious virus.

Contact Us Today! For further information on norovirus, preventative measures, or if you require assistance in managing symptoms, please contact our team of experts. We are dedicated to providing comprehensive healthcare solutions and supporting you every step of the way. Click here to schedule a consultation or learn more about our services.

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Ozempic Side Effects: A Complete Guide

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Understanding Ozempic Side Effects: A Comprehensive Guide

Estimated reading time: 8 minutes

  • Ozempic (semaglutide) offers benefits for type 2 diabetes and weight loss but carries potential side effects.
  • Common side effects are often mild and gastrointestinal, usually improving with time.
  • Serious side effects, though rare, require immediate medical attention.
  • Concerns about mental health impacts are being investigated but lack definitive scientific evidence.
  • Long-term effects, including pancreatitis and gallbladder issues, are possible.

Table of Contents

Ozempic Side Effects: A Closer Look

Ozempic, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, mimics a natural hormone regulating blood sugar and appetite. This mechanism, while beneficial for type 2 diabetes and weight loss, contributes to various side effects.

Common and Mild Ozempic Side Effects

  • Nausea and Vomiting: Nausea is common initially, often lessening as the body adjusts. Vomiting is less frequent.
  • Diarrhea: Frequently reported, especially at the start or after dose changes.
  • Abdominal Pain: A common complaint.
  • Constipation: A paradoxical side effect.
  • Indigestion, Acid Reflux, and Heartburn: Common gastrointestinal issues.
  • Bloating, Gas, and Burping: Less common digestive problems.
  • Fatigue: Low energy levels.
  • Dizziness: May indicate low blood sugar.
  • Changes in Sense of Taste: Alterations in taste perception.
  • Loss of Appetite: Appetite suppression leading to decreased food intake.
  • Injection Site Reactions: Redness, discoloration, or discomfort.
  • Minor Increase in Heart Rate: A slight elevation in heart rate.

Managing Mild Side Effects: Smaller, frequent meals, slow eating, avoiding high-fat foods, and hydration can help.

Serious Side Effects of Ozempic

  • Pancreatitis: Rare but serious; symptoms include severe abdominal pain (often radiating to the back) and vomiting.
  • Gallbladder Problems: Gallstones or inflammation; symptoms include upper abdominal pain, fever, and jaundice.
  • Hypoglycemia: Heightened risk when used with other diabetes medications.
  • Diabetic Retinopathy: Blood sugar fluctuations can worsen existing retinopathy.
  • Acute Kidney Injury: Severe dehydration can lead to this.
  • Serious Allergic Reactions: Rare but possible.
  • Bowel Obstruction: Slowed food movement through the digestive system.
  • Increased Heart Rate (Tachycardia): A significant increase in heart rate.

Ozempic and Thyroid Cancer: Understanding the FDA Boxed Warning

The FDA issued a boxed warning about potential thyroid C-cell tumors in animal studies. This risk isn’t definitively established in humans. Ozempic isn’t recommended for individuals with a personal or family history of MTC or MEN2. Report symptoms like a neck lump immediately.

Mental Health Side Effects and “Ozempic Personality”

Social media discussions about “Ozempic personality” lack scientific backing. Anecdotal reports suggest potential links to increased anxiety, depression, and other mood changes. Experts generally refute the “Ozempic personality” claim.

Long-Term Side Effects of Ozempic

Some serious complications, such as diabetic retinopathy and gallbladder disease, can persist after stopping Ozempic.

Conclusion and Call to Action

Understanding Ozempic’s potential side effects is crucial. Discuss any concerns with your doctor. Seek immediate medical attention for severe or persistent symptoms. For more information, contact us.

FAQ

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Measles Outbreak Update: July 2025 Global Risk Assessment

Measles Outbreak Locations: A Global Update and Risk Assessment for July 2025

Estimated reading time: 8 minutes

  • Measles outbreaks are surging globally due to declining vaccination rates.
  • North America, Europe, and other regions are experiencing significant outbreaks.
  • Mitigation strategies include strengthening vaccination campaigns and improving surveillance.
  • Businesses should conduct travel risk assessments and implement vaccination policies.
  • Staying informed about the situation is crucial for risk mitigation.

Table of Contents

Measles Outbreak Locations: A Global Overview

Measles outbreaks continue to pose a significant global health challenge, with concerning increases in cases reported across numerous countries in 2025. This surge, largely attributed to declining vaccination rates exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, demands close monitoring and proactive measures. Understanding the current measles outbreak locations is crucial for businesses, governments, and individuals to mitigate risk and protect vulnerable populations. This detailed report provides a comprehensive overview of the situation, highlighting key areas of concern and offering actionable insights.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have issued repeated warnings about the global resurgence of measles. In 2023, an estimated 10.3 million people were infected, resulting in approximately 107,500 deaths, primarily affecting unvaccinated or under-vaccinated children under five. The highly contagious nature of measles, coupled with international travel, ensures that outbreaks in one region can rapidly spread worldwide. This interconnectedness underscores the need for a globally coordinated response.

Measles Outbreak Locations: Key Regions and Country-Specific Details

The current landscape of measles outbreak locations is diverse, spanning every region of the world. Below, we detail some of the most heavily impacted areas:

North America (United States & Canada):

  • United States: As of July 1st, 2025, the U.S. has recorded 1,267 confirmed measles cases across 38 jurisdictions, with 27 distinct outbreaks. The largest outbreak, centered in West Texas (753 cases, 2 deaths), highlights the vulnerability of unvaccinated communities. Other states reporting confirmed cases include Alaska, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York City, New York State, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington. The combination of travel-related cases and community transmission fuels the ongoing spread.
  • Canada: A multi-jurisdictional measles outbreak, originating in New Brunswick in October 2024, has spread across nine provinces and territories. As of June 14th, 2025, Canada reported 3,381 cases (3,081 confirmed, 300 probable), with one death reported in Ontario. This substantial outbreak underscores the need for heightened vigilance and robust vaccination campaigns.

Europe:

Europe experienced a dramatic increase in measles cases in 2024, reporting 127,350 cases – double the 2023 figures and the highest number since 1997. This surge resulted in at least 38 deaths by early March 2025, with children under five accounting for over 40% of cases. Several countries have been particularly hard hit:

  • Romania: Declared a national measles epidemic in December 2023, Romania reported 30,692 cases in 2024.
  • Kazakhstan: Reported 28,147 cases in 2024.
  • United Kingdom: A significant resurgence, with suspected cases quadrupling in England and Wales between 2021 and 2023, with ongoing outbreaks in London and the North West and West Midlands regions.

Other European countries experiencing outbreaks include Austria, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Moldova, Montenegro, Russia, and Serbia.

Americas (excluding US and Canada):

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert following increased measles cases. By February 21st, 2025, 268 cases, including one death, were confirmed in Argentina, Mexico, and other countries in the region. This highlights the persistent threat in the Americas even outside the large outbreaks in the US and Canada.

Africa, Middle East, and Asia:

Measles remains endemic in many parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. While precise, up-to-the-minute data is challenging to obtain from these regions due to reporting inconsistencies, Yemen, India, and Ethiopia reported among the highest numbers of cases in 2023. Ongoing outbreaks are confirmed across numerous countries within these regions.

Challenges and Mitigation Strategies

The resurgence of measles presents several significant challenges:

  • Declining Vaccination Rates: The primary driver of these outbreaks is the decline in vaccination rates globally, partly due to misinformation and vaccine hesitancy.
  • Disruptions from COVID-19: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted vaccination campaigns and healthcare systems, creating an opportunity for measles to spread unchecked.
  • Limited Access to Healthcare: In many parts of the world, particularly low- and middle-income countries, access to healthcare and vaccination remains limited, exacerbating the impact of outbreaks.
  • Travel: International travel contributes significantly to the spread of measles, as infected individuals can easily carry the virus across borders.

To mitigate these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is essential:

  • Strengthen Vaccination Campaigns: Robust and targeted vaccination campaigns, coupled with public health education initiatives, are crucial to increase vaccination rates.
  • Improve Surveillance and Reporting: Enhanced surveillance systems are necessary to track outbreaks in real-time and guide effective interventions.
  • Address Vaccine Hesitancy: Public health initiatives must address concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy to improve vaccine uptake.
  • International Collaboration: Effective international collaboration is essential to coordinate response efforts and share best practices.

Practical Takeaways and Actionable Advice

Businesses and organizations can take several steps to mitigate the risks associated with measles outbreaks:

  • Travel Risk Assessments: Conduct thorough travel risk assessments for employees traveling to regions with ongoing outbreaks.
  • Vaccination Policies: Implement clear vaccination policies for employees, especially those traveling internationally.
  • Emergency Preparedness Plans: Develop detailed emergency preparedness plans to address potential outbreaks within the workplace.
  • Employee Education: Educate employees about the symptoms, risks, and prevention measures related to measles.
  • Stay Informed: Continuously monitor updates from the WHO, CDC, and other relevant organizations to stay informed about the evolving situation.

Conclusion

The global resurgence of measles underscores the critical need for coordinated action to prevent further spread. By understanding the current measles outbreak locations and implementing effective mitigation strategies, businesses, governments, and individuals can contribute to protecting global health. [Company Name] offers comprehensive risk assessment and mitigation services tailored to address the unique challenges posed by measles outbreaks. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help you protect your workforce and safeguard your operations.

FAQ

This section will contain frequently asked questions about measles outbreaks.

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Understanding Strep Throat Symptoms

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Understanding Strep Throat Symptoms: A Comprehensive Guide

Estimated reading time: 8 minutes

  • Strep throat is a bacterial infection causing severe sore throat.
  • Key symptoms include sudden sore throat, fever, red tonsils with white patches, and swollen lymph nodes.
  • Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are crucial to prevent complications like rheumatic fever.
  • Differentiate strep throat from viral infections by looking for absence of cough, runny nose, etc.
  • Practice good hygiene and seek medical attention promptly.

What are the Key Symptoms of Strep Throat?

Strep throat, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus), features a sudden onset of severe sore throat. Key symptoms include:

  • Sudden and Severe Sore Throat: Intense pain making swallowing difficult.
  • Fever: Often high, reaching 101°F (38.3°C) or higher.
  • Red and Swollen Tonsils with White Patches: Bright red tonsils with white pus.
  • Petechiae: Tiny red spots on the palate.
  • Swollen and Tender Lymph Nodes: Swollen glands in the neck.

Symptoms That May Accompany Strep Throat

Additional symptoms may include headache, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, body aches, loss of appetite, chills, and, in some cases, scarlet fever (a red rash).

Differentiating Strep Throat from Other Illnesses

Strep throat differs from viral infections which may include cough, runny nose, or hoarse voice. These can co-occur with strep throat.

The Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Untreated strep throat can lead to serious complications such as rheumatic fever (affecting the heart, joints, brain, and skin) and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (kidney inflammation). A rapid strep test and antibiotic treatment are crucial.

Practical Takeaways and Actionable Advice

  • Monitor symptoms closely.
  • Practice good hygiene.
  • Seek medical attention promptly.
  • Follow your doctor’s instructions.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and treatment of strep throat are vital to prevent serious complications. Consult your healthcare provider for any concerns.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best way to prevent strep throat?

How long does it take for strep throat to clear up with antibiotics?

Are there any long-term effects of untreated strep throat?

What are the differences between strep throat and a viral infection?

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London Pollen Count Today: Spring Allergy Guide

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Pollen Count Today London: A Comprehensive Guide to Navigating the Spring Allergy Season

Estimated reading time: 8 minutes

  • Understand today’s London pollen levels and forecast.
  • Learn about different pollen types (tree, grass, weed).
  • Discover factors influencing pollen counts and how to manage your allergies.
  • Find practical tips for minimizing pollen exposure.
  • Explore long-term allergy management strategies.

Pollen Count Today London: Current Levels and Forecast

Placeholder: As of [Date and Time], the overall pollen count in London is [Level – e.g., Low, Medium, High, Very High]. Specifically, the grass pollen count is [Level], tree pollen is [Level], and weed pollen is [Level]. The forecast for tomorrow indicates [Predicted Level change and pollen types].

This data is crucial because it allows you to proactively manage your allergy symptoms. Knowing whether the pollen count is low, medium, high, or very high lets you adjust your daily routine accordingly. For example, on high-pollen days, you might choose to stay indoors more, or consider wearing a pollen mask when outdoors.

Understanding the Different Types of Pollen

  • Tree Pollen: Typically prevalent in early spring, tree pollen is a major culprit for many allergy sufferers in London. Common culprits include birch, oak, and hazel trees. Peak times vary slightly depending on the species and weather conditions.
  • Grass Pollen: Grass pollen season is generally longer and often more intense than tree pollen season. The specific peak depends on the type of grass and weather patterns, but it typically runs from late spring to early summer.
  • Weed Pollen: Weed pollen, such as ragweed and nettle, can extend the allergy season well into the fall months. Its prevalence is also influenced by weather conditions and varies across different parts of London.

Factors Influencing the Pollen Count Today London

  • Weather Conditions: Wind speed, rain, and temperature significantly impact pollen dispersal. High winds can spread pollen over larger areas, increasing the count. Rain can temporarily reduce the pollen count by washing pollen out of the air. Warm, dry weather generally favors high pollen counts.
  • Time of Day: Pollen counts tend to be highest in the late morning and early afternoon, when plants release the most pollen.
  • Location: The pollen count can vary across different parts of London due to variations in vegetation and local weather conditions. Areas with more green spaces generally have higher pollen counts.
  • Climate Change: Climate change is impacting pollen seasons globally, potentially leading to longer and more intense seasons. This effect is especially noteworthy in London, making consistent monitoring even more crucial.

Practical Tips for Managing Your Allergies in London

  • Check the Pollen Forecast Regularly: Make checking the daily pollen forecast a part of your daily routine. Many weather apps and websites provide this information.
  • Stay Indoors on High Pollen Days: When the pollen count is high, limit your time outdoors, especially during peak pollen hours (late morning and early afternoon).
  • Close Windows and Doors: Keep your windows and doors closed, especially during high pollen periods, to prevent pollen from entering your home or office.
  • Use Air Conditioning: Air conditioning can help filter out pollen from the air, providing a more comfortable indoor environment. Remember to regularly clean or replace air filters.
  • Shower and Change Clothes After Being Outdoors: This simple step helps remove pollen that may have accumulated on your skin and hair.
  • Use Saline Nasal Spray: A saline nasal spray can help rinse out pollen from your nasal passages.
  • Consider Medication: If your allergy symptoms are severe, consult a doctor or allergist about medication options, such as antihistamines or nasal corticosteroids.

The Importance of Accurate Pollen Count Data

Understanding the pollen count today London is not just about personal comfort. For many people, allergies are a serious health concern that can impact productivity, work performance, and overall quality of life. Accurate, up-to-date information is crucial for effective management and preventative measures.

Our commitment to providing precise and timely pollen counts positions us as a trusted resource for London residents and professionals. We leverage advanced technology and meteorological expertise to deliver reliable data you can depend on. This commitment to accuracy and detail underscores our dedication to helping you navigate allergy season with confidence.

Beyond Today’s Pollen Count: Long-Term Allergy Management in London

  • Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots): In some cases, allergy shots can desensitize you to specific allergens, providing long-term relief from symptoms. Consulting an allergist can help determine if immunotherapy is appropriate for your situation.
  • Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can contribute to a stronger immune system and help manage allergy symptoms.
  • Regular Monitoring and Consultation: Staying in touch with your doctor or allergist, especially during peak pollen seasons, is critical for adapting your management plan and optimizing your treatment.

Contact Us to Learn More

Managing allergies in London requires a comprehensive approach. At [Company Name], we are committed to providing you with the resources and information you need to stay ahead of the pollen game. Contact us today to learn more about our services, including our comprehensive pollen monitoring and forecasting, and how we can help you breathe easier this spring. We offer [Mention specific services related to pollen count and allergy management – e.g., personalized allergy reports, consulting services, etc.] Don’t let allergies control your life; take control with [Company Name].

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Mayo Clinic remembers Frederick W. Smith, former board member and founder of FedEx

Frederick Wallace Smith (left), founder of FedEx and former member of Mayo Clinic’s Board of Trustees, established the Windland Smith Rice Sudden Cardiac Death Program in memory of his daughter stands with program leader Michael Ackerman, M.D., Ph.D.

Frederick W. Smith, former Mayo Clinic Board of Trustees member and founder of FedEx, passed away on June 21.

Frederick Wallace Smith, former member of Mayo Clinic’s Board of Trustees and the founder of FedEx, passed away on Saturday, June 21.

“Mr. Smith was a true pioneer, driven by a desire to change the world and improve the lives of those around him,” says Gianrico Farrugia, M.D., CEO of Mayo Clinic. “He was a tireless advocate for innovation and a humble, capable leader. He will be remembered for his insight, curiosity, intelligence, and humor.” 

Mr. Smith was born on Aug. 11, 1944, in Marks, Mississippi. While studying economics at Yale University, he worked as a charter pilot and developed his transformative vision for overnight delivery. In 1966, Mr. Smith joined the United States Marine Corps, completing two tours in Vietnam. He received two Purple Hearts for his service. 

In the early 1970s, Mr. Smith founded Federal Express, later known as FedEx, which pioneered express delivery. Despite the company’s initial struggles, Mr. Smith took Federal Express public in 1978 and eventually expanded its reach to more than 220 countries and territories. He championed a people-first philosophy, including a commitment to treating employees fairly. 

Mr. Smith served on Mayo Clinic’s Board of Trustees from 1998 to 2006, contributing his deep knowledge of public policy and astute counsel. A bold, forward-thinking entrepreneur, he was dedicated to continuous improvement, even if that meant making mistakes. As he famously said, “Fear of failure must never be a reason not to try something.” 

Mr. Smith’s legacy at Mayo Clinic includes the Windland Smith Rice Comprehensive Sudden Cardiac Death Program, named for his late daughter who had long QT syndrome, a genetic heart rhythm disorder. Established in 2006, the program’s ongoing efforts reflect Mr. Smith’s compassion, generosity and desire to help others.

“His partnership has enabled us to move the needle faster, farther, across Mayo’s three shields for his family’s disease. Out of his tragic loss, he created a program that has saved countless lives,” says Michael Ackerman, M.D., Ph.D., the Windland Smith Rice Cardiovascular Genomics Research Professor at Mayo Clinic. “He was so understated and humble, yet so incredibly influential.” 

After stepping down as CEO of FedEx in 2022, Mr. Smith continued as the executive chairman of the company’s board of directors. Throughout his career, he also served on the boards of several other large companies and charitable organizations. Beyond his many professional accomplishments, he was a husband, father of 10, grandfather, great grandfather and lifelong philanthropist. 

“He was an amazing man,” says Dr. Ackerman. “There are very few on this planet like Mr. Smith.”

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